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Trần Ngọc Châu
Tran Ngoc Châu (born 1923) was a Vietnamese soldier (lieutenant colonel), civil administrator (mayor, provincial chief), politician (leader of the National Assembly), and later political prisoner, in the Republic of Vietnam until its demise with the Fall of Saigon. Much earlier in 1944, he had joined the Viet Minh to fight for independence. Yet as a Vietnamese Buddhist by 1949 he had decisively turned against Communism in Vietnam. He then managed to switch sides.
For many years he worked on assignments directly under Ngô Đình Diệm the President (1954–63). He became mayor of Danang, and was a province chief in the Delta. In particular, Châu became known for his innovative approaches to the theory and practice of counter-insurgency: the provision of security or "pacification" to civilian populations during civil war and revolution, here the Vietnam conflict. The ultimate government goal of winning the hearts and minds of the people eventually led him to enter politics.
In 1966 Châu ran for the newly formed National Assembly which would meet in Saigon. First he had resigned from the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). In turbulent times he was elected, and became a legislative leader. Along with others he failed to persuade his old friend Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, the former general who had become President (1967–75), to turn toward a negotiated peace. Hence Châu associated with Assembly groups in opposition to the prevailing war policies and to the ubiquitous corruption.
It was because of his communist brother that Châu was accused of treason in 1970, during a major government crackdown on dissidents. Daniel Ellsberg among others spoke on his behalf, e.g., before the United States Congress. Amid sharp controversy in Vietnam, widely reported in the international press, Châu was sent to prison for several years. Then he was allowed detention under house arrest. Soon after Saigon fell in 1975, he was again arrested and held by the new communist regime, in a reeducation camp. Released in 1978, he and his family made their escape by boat, eventually arriving in America in 1979.〔See text below for source references.〕
==Early life and career==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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